Asian Clearing Union (ACU)

The Asian Clearing Union (ACU) was established in December 1974 when the countries in the region were facing settlement difficulties, mainly due to resource constraints.Asian Clearing Union (ACU) is the simplest form of payment arrangements whereby the members settle payments for intra-regional transactions among the participating central banks on a multilateral basis.

The ACU is a clearing union among other clearing houses/payments arrangements operating in various regions of the world. The objectives of the ACU are:

(1) To provide a facility to settle payments, on a multilateral basis, for current international transactions among the territories of participants;

(2) To promote the use of participants' currencies in current transactions between their respective territories and thereby effect economies in the use of the participants' exchange reserves;

(3) To promote monetary cooperation among the participants and closer relations among the banking systems in their territories and thereby contribute to the expansion of trade and economic activity among the countries of the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific (ESCAP) region; and

(4) To provide for currency SWAP arrangement among the participants so as to make Asian Monetary Units (AMUs) available to them temporarily.

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कर्ण और कृष्ण का संवाद - रामधारी सिंह 'दिनकर'

Following is excerpt from poem Rashmirathi written by Ram dhari singh dinkar. Karna reply to Krishna when he told story of his birth and ask him to join pandava side. सुन-सुन कर कर्ण अधीर हुआ, क्षण एक तनिक गंभीर हुआ, फिर कहा "बड़ी यह माया है, जो कुछ आपने बताया है दिनमणि से सुनकर वही कथा मैं भोग चुका हूँ ग्लानि व्यथा मैं ध्यान जन्म का धरता हूँ, उन्मन यह सोचा करता हूँ, कैसी होगी वह माँ कराल, निज तन से जो शिशु को निकाल धाराओं में धर आती है, अथवा जीवित दफनाती है? सेवती मास दस तक जिसको, पालती उदर में रख जिसको, जीवन का अंश खिलाती है, अन्तर का रुधिर पिलाती है आती फिर उसको फ़ेंक कहीं, नागिन होगी वह नारि नहीं हे कृष्ण आप चुप ही रहिये, इस पर न अधिक कुछ भी कहिये सुनना न चाहते तनिक श्रवण, जिस माँ ने मेरा किया जनन वह नहीं नारि कुल्पाली थी, सर्पिणी परम विकराली थी पत्थर समान उसका हिय था, सुत से समाज बढ़ कर प्रिय था गोदी में आग लगा कर के, मेरा कुल-वंश छिपा कर के दुश्मन का उसने काम किया, माताओं को बदनाम किया माँ का पय भी न पीया मैंने, उलटे अभिशाप लिया मैंने वह तो यशस्विनी बनी रह

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Scheme for creation of National Optical Fiber Network for Broadband connectivity of Panchayats

The Union Cabinet recently approved a scheme for creation of a National Optical Fiber Network (NOFN) for providing Broadband connectivity to Panchayats. The objective of the scheme is to extend the existing optical fiber network which is available up to district / block HQ’s level to the Gram Panchayat level initially by utilizing the Universal Service Obligation Fund (USOF). The cost of this initial phase of the NOFN scheme is likely to be about Rs.20,000 crore. A similar amount of investment is likely to be made by the private sector complementing the NOFN infrastructure while providing services to individual users. In economic terms, the benefits from the scheme are expected through additional employment, e-education, e-health, e-agriculture etc. and reduction in migration of rural population to urban areas. As per a study conducted by the World Bank, with every 10% increase in broadband penetration, there is an increase in GDP growth by 1.4%. NOFN will also facilitate implemen

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किसको नमन करूँ मैं भारत? - Kisko Naman Karu Mein Bharat?

A poem dedicated to the nation written by Ramdhari Singh "dinkar"... तुझको या तेरे नदीश, गिरि, वन को नमन करूँ, मैं ? मेरे प्यारे देश ! देह या मन को नमन करूँ मैं ? किसको नमन करूँ मैं भारत ? किसको नमन करूँ मैं ? भू के मानचित्र पर अंकित त्रिभुज, यही क्या तू है ? नर के नभश्चरण की दृढ़ कल्पना नहीं क्या तू है ? भेदों का ज्ञाता, निगूढ़ताओं का चिर ज्ञानी है मेरे प्यारे देश ! नहीं तू पत्थर है, पानी है जड़ताओं में छिपे किसी चेतन को नमन करूँ मैं ? भारत नहीं स्थान का वाचक, गुण विशेष नर का है एक देश का नहीं, शील यह भूमंडल भर का है जहाँ कहीं एकता अखंडित, जहाँ प्रेम का स्वर है देश-देश में वहाँ खड़ा भारत जीवित भास्कर है निखिल विश्व को जन्मभूमि-वंदन को नमन करूँ मैं ! खंडित है यह मही शैल से, सरिता से सागर से पर, जब भी दो हाथ निकल मिलते आ द्वीपांतर से तब खाई को पाट शून्य में महामोद मचता है दो द्वीपों के बीच सेतु यह भारत ही रचता है मंगलमय यह महासेतु-बंधन को नमन करूँ मैं ! दो हृदय के तार जहाँ भी जो जन जोड़ रहे हैं मित्र-भाव की ओर विश्व की

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Analysis of Civil Services Prelims paper ( CSAT ) 2011

Anyone who is following the recent trends of civil services prelims papers , can easily predict the unpredictable nature of the paper . Also since this year CSAT has been introduced for the first time every one was curious to see the prelims paper of this year . Atlast today on 12th june suspense ended and what we found was more unpredictable than predictable .I will do paper wise analysis Paper 1 : The topics which came in paper was very much on predictable line . It was very specifically written in UPSC syllabus "General issues on Environmental ecology, Bio-diversity and Climate Change - that do not require subject specialization" , though question have always been asked from these topics but since UPSC mentioned it as separate topic this year , few questions were expected form this topic . Similarly few questions were expected from the Economics , Polity , International affairs , general science and History as well . But then , with UPSC one can never expect que

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Rise of an Ordinary Kid

It was around 7 am and everyone in the heaven was waiting in line for his turn to get “Natural gift “ from the god himself . Some got artistic talent , some brilliance of mind , some management skills and so on every one was getting gifts of his choice . Unusually the line was long today and when the turn of last Kid came , the quota of natural gifts had already exhausted . Kid : My lord please give me gift of your choice. God : Son i am very sorry but I will not in position to give you any gift Kid : then (little disappointed) God : You go and prepare for going to earth , may be you will get you gift few days , few month or few years later . Kid : I didn’t get you lord ..Why few years later . God : Son every day I have decided to give limited number of gifts everyday . So whenever at the end of day any gift remains with me , I will give it to you. Kid : what if such day never come God : then you may have spend whole life without any natural talent . That kid devoid of any

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